Analysis of the UK Banking System

Analysis of the UK Banking System A strong and efficient Banking system is a key to progress in a country.To achieve an efficient a banking system one should analyze the internal and external factors of that country. For this issue I have chosen ENGLAND banking system to know its internal and external factors faced by its banks? what kinds of banks are operating in uk?,what kinds of activities are performed by them?what are the sources of finance in uk?what is the evolution of banking in uk?what is the role of central bank in uk?etc First of all a question raise in our mind what is meant by system?System is an integrated collection of different part of a body which performed specific function for example banking system of uk it has many banks in parts which perform different functions like commercial banking,investment banking,specialized banking and central bank collectively known as banking system of uk.In uk banking system it has a central bank which is Bank of England .IT is the head of all the banks it control and regulate the affair of all schedule banks like HSBC, Barclay Bank and ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND all these banks deals in day to day functions of receiving deposits and advancing finances to the public.Banking system stability depend upon the external factors such as saving ,national income,industrial growth and development,government policies and internal factors such as bank ability to channel the deposit safely to the borrowers normally industrial sector. Benefits of a strong banking system in uk is that it will channelize the idle funds from the hands of depositor to the one who required such finances to invest It in that place which is useful for the development of the uk.Strong banking system of uk is playing an important role in increasing the saving of the people by providing incentives by giving them attractive interest rates.The banking system of uk is also helpful for the creation of new industries by providing finances to the industrial sector.The banking system of uk is also providing finances for the promotion of trade and commerce. Banks provide finance to the industry and the public as well and charge interest on it and earn profit for the bank.A question comes in our mind are banks main finance provider for the industry externally or other sector contribute in it the most.i have gone through an article of colin mayer.in this article he compare the investment activities and sources of getting the finance in venture capital in some countries like uk, germany japan and other countries he concluded that the souces of funds and investment differ in different countries due to financial system,economic condition, geographical factors and sectors difference.For example the amount of fund required in germany and japan are mainly cover from banks,corporation sources in Israel and pension funds sources in UK. Sources of finance analysis In ENGLAND 44% OF THE FINANCES ARE COVER FROM BANKS BUT MAIN SOUCE IS PENSION FUNDS WHICH SHOWS 49% FINANCIAL SOURCING MEAN IN INDUSTRY. Following data displays the sources of external finance for the industry in the four diferrent countries,showed some important facts. In Germany, banks provide the main source of finance for the VC industry, and pension funds. By contrast, in the ENGLAND pension funds provide the main source of finance for the VC industry, other institutional investors, and individual investors PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN FINACEING THE INDUSTRY OF MANY COUNTRIES as many companies as banks. Contrary to popular views, government atorities also play an important role for (typically local authority) funding plays a more important role in the United Kingdom than it does in Germany, and is negligible in the other countries. Table 1. Sources of external funds for the VC industry This table reports sources of funds of VC firms in Germany, Israel, Japan and the United Kingdom based on binary and not mutually exclusive responses to a question of whether or not a particular fund uses a certain source. Panel A displays the proportion of funds that report using a given source. Panel B displays the percentage of funds using one, two, three, or four or more sources. Mean values which are statistically different from those of the United Kingdom at the 10% level. Mean values which are statistically different from those of the United Kingdom at the 5% level. Sources of funds for the Israeli VC are banks from the above figure it is shown, with industrial corporations (typically from the United States) being the single most popular source of funds. In Japan, non banking financial institutions (e.g., securities firms, credit card or leasing companies and mortgage institutions) are the single most important category of finance among Japanese funds, followed by banks and insurance companies.9 It is quite common in Japan for the owners/providers of finance for Japanese VC funds to be all affiliated with the same bank-centered corporate group, or to be otherwise related to each other. In over half of the Japanese funds in our sample, at least three of the five largest shareholder providers of finance are related to each other or affiliated with the same group. VC funds in Germany tend on average to use fewer sources of funds than do VCs in other countries (Table 1, Panel B). By contrast, funds in Israel, Japan and the United Kingdom tend to use many sources of finance; in particular, about a third of the UK funds report using at least four different sources.10 Relying exclusively on bank finance is also very common in Germany: over 60% of the VC funds that raise money from banks use this source exclusively; the corresponding figure for the United Kingdom is about one-third, and for Israel about one-fifth. Surprisingly, despite the typical characterization of the Japanese economy as bank dominated (like Germany), only one-seventh of the Japanese VC funds in our sample rely exclusively on bank finance. EVOLUTION OF BANKING IN UK AND ITS DEVELOPMENT STAGES : The birth of modern UK Banks Strange as it may seem, UK banking can trace its origins back to the days of the Roman conquest. During the period of the Roman conquest of Britain, Romans conducted two forms of banking business: one, called argentarii, of a professional nature; the other, called feneratores, of an amateur nature run by the elite nobles of the Roman Empire. What was said to characterise this institution was the two-fold service of (a) receiving deposits and (b) advancing credit. Modern UK banks evolved in the 1530s., it was not really until approximately 400 years ago, during the mid-1600s, that London really started to make its position as a financial backbone of importance when goldsmith bankers started to emerge, following King Charles I seizure of gold deposited in the Tower of London and the English Civil War, as a safe-haven (away from the clutching arms of the Crown!) for the gentry and aristocracy to deposit their money and valuables. Shortly after this period (circa. 1677), there were a recorded 44 goldsmith bankers in London acting as keepers of running cash who ran their business on a personal liability basis. However, strict legal controls on how big goldsmith bankers could become (because of the strict personal liability basis), together with poor transportation and communication, combined to restrict the growth of these i nto national UK banks [evidenced of this can be seen in the fact that in 1784 the total number of UK banks exceed 100; but only 7 had more than one office]. The wind of change Following a number of prominent UK bank collapses in the early 1820s, parliament finally relaxed the laws governing who could own banks to allow for joint stock banking (1826) [A notable exception to this was the establishment of the Bank of England as a joint stock bank some 200 years before this legislation]. Importantly, joint stock banking allowed the owners of UK banks to spread the risk among a number of proprietors. This, combined with the Industrial Revolution, better transportation and faster means of communication all resulted in a growth of more national banks in the UK. Prominent among these was the foundation, in 1833, of the National Provincial Bank of England (later to become National Westminster Bank NatWest), the first UK bank established with the specific agenda of being a national bank. Although UK banks began to expand nationally during this period, the services they (did and could) offered did not. Consequently, it was also around this time that another division in UK banks began to emerge; namely the formation of the Big Three banking sectors: Clearing High Street Banks even as recently as 1900 there were a reported 250 private and joint stock banks operating in the UK; Merchant Banks; and Other financial institutions; such as Building Societies which came into being following 1874 legislation The Bank of England founded in 1694 to act as the Governments banker and debt-manager. Since then its role has developed and evolved, centred on the management of the nations currency and its position at the centre of the UKs financial system. The history of the Bank is very interesting one. Events and circumstances over the last three hundred or so years have change and influenced the role and responsibilities of the Bank. They have adopted the culture and traditions, as well as the expertise, of the Bank which are relevant to its reputation and effectiveness and responsibilities a central bank in the early years of the 21st century.The history of the Bank passed different situation and circumstances of to the economic and financial history, political history, of the United Kingdom. If you want to get closer to the Banks history and are visiting London, the Banks Museum provides a unique insight into the history of the Bank and its business, alongside a great deal of material about the Bank today. Key moments in the Banks history a brief guide King William Queen Mary When William and Mary came in 1688, public finances were not strong. The system of money deposit and advancing it(credit) was in not working efficiently. At that time a national bank was needed to mobilize the saving and investment,the nations resources. MR Willium Peterson William Paterson proposed a loan of  £1,200,000 to the Government. In return the subscribers would be able to incorporate the Governor and Company of the Bank of England. The Royal Charter The money was raised in a some weeks and the Royal Charter was sealed on 27th July 1694. The Banking started life as the Governments banker and debt-manager, with 17 clerks and 2 gatekeepers. In 1734 the Bank moved to Thread-needle Street, gradually acquiring land and premises to create the site seen today. Commercial functions of the banks The Bank managed the accounts of that time Governments and made loans available to finance spending at times of peace and war. A commercial bank took deposits and issued notes. The 18th Century During the 18th Century the Government borrowed more and more money. These outstanding loans were called the National Debt. 1781: renewal of the Banks Charter Dependency on the Bank of England was such that when its charter was renewed in 1781 it was define as the public ex chequer. The bankers bank By now the Bank was acting as the bankers bank too. It was liable to fail if all its depositors decided to withdraw their money at the same time. But the Bank made sure it kept enough gold to pay its notes on demand. The Restriction Period By 1797 war with France had drained the gold reserves. The Government prohibited the Bank from paying claims of its notes in gold. This Restriction Period lasted until 1821. The 19th Century The 1844 Bank Charter Act tied the note issue to the Banks gold reserves. The Bank was required to keep the accounts of the note issue separate from those of its banking operations and produce a weekly summary of both accounts. The Bank Return, as its called, is still published every week. Lender of last resort In the 19th Century the Bank took on the role of lender of last resort, providing stability during several financial crises. The First World War: 1914-18 During the First World War the National Debt jumped to  £7 billion. The Bank helped manage Government borrowing and resist inflationary pressures. Gold In 1931 the United Kingdom left the gold standard; its gold and foreign exchange reserves were transferred to the Treasury. But their management was still handled by the Bank and this remains the case today. Nationalisation 1946 After the Second World War the bank was nationalised. It remained the Treasurys adviser, agent and debt manager. Financial crises During the 1970s, the Bank played a key role during several banking crises. The Bank was at the fore when monetary policy again became a central part of Government policy in the 1980s. Operational independence May 1997 In May 1997 the Government gave the Bank responsibility for setting interest rates to meet the Governments stated inflation target. The was enshrined in the 1998 Bank of England Act. Managing the modern bank The Banks governing body, the Court of Directors, as its known, is made up of the Banks Governor and 2 Deputy Governors, and 9 Non-Executive Directors (under the Banking Act 2009 There are different kinds of banks which are working in different parts of the world main banks are as follows all these banks are specialize in performing speacialized functions of banks.on the basis of different types of functions we have the following bank Bank of England is the central bank of England perform fuctions of monetory policy,fiscal policy.issue of notes,bankers banks,lender of last resort to other banks Alliance HYPERLINK http://www.alliance-leicester-group.co.uk/HYPERLINK http://www.alliance-leicester-group.co.uk/ Leicester plc Based in the UK, provides personal and business customers a comprehensive range of mortgage, investment, personal banking and insurance products, cash transmission services and corporate banking facilities. BankHYPERLINK http://www.bank-of-ireland.co.uk/ of Ireland Personal and business banking in Britain. British HYPERLINK http://www.bankfacts.org.uk/BankersHYPERLINK http://www.bankfacts.org.uk/ Association Principal representative body for banks active in the UK, with over 300 member banks from more than 60 countries. HSBC Midland HYPERLINK http://www.banking.hsbc.co.uk/Bank Personal and business banking division of HSBC. BankHYPERLINK http://www.bankofireland.co.uk/ of Ireland Northern Ireland Bank that provides private and corporate services worldwide. BankHYPERLINK http://www.bankofscotland.co.uk/ of Scotland Financial institution that provides personal banking, small-business banking and corporate services. Barclays Bank offers personal banking, student banking and international corporate banking. Bermuda Monetary Authority Responsible for the licensing of banks, deposit companies and investment businesses. Bradford HYPERLINK http://www.bradford-bingley-int.co.im/HYPERLINK http://www.bradford-bingley-int.co.im/ Bingley International Subsidiary of Bradford Bingley Building Society, a savings and loan bank. Bristol HYPERLINK http://www.bristol-west.co.uk/HYPERLINK http://www.bristol-west.co.uk/ West Specialists in mortgages, savings and investments. Cheltenham HYPERLINK http://www.cheltglos.co.uk/HYPERLINK http://www.cheltglos.co.uk/ Gloucester Provides mortgages, investments, savings and loans. HSBC Investment HYPERLINK http://www.cibm.hsbc.com/hsbcBank Provides the advisory and financing, equity securities, asset management, private banking and trustee, foreign exchange and capital markets trading, debt funding and treasury activities of the HSBC Group. Citibank UK Provides personal banking in the UK. Co-operative HYPERLINK http://www.co-operativebank.co.uk/Bank Provides banking services including Internet banking. BankNet Provides on-line Banking Service. A joint venture between MarketNet and Secure Trust Bank PLC. Coutts Group International private banking arm of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group offering investment, fiduciary and banking products. First Direct Member HSBC Group. Halifax Financial institution that provides personal financial services including mortgages, long-term savings accounts, home, motor and creditor insurance, retail banking, consumer credit and share dealing. Hamilton Direct HYPERLINK http://www.hdb.co.uk/Bank Division of HFC Bank PLC which provides unsecured personal loans and credit card products in the UK. Julian Hodge HYPERLINK http://www.jhb.co.uk/BankHYPERLINK http://www.jhb.co.uk/ Group Banking and financial services group owned by the Carlyle Trust. Legal HYPERLINK http://www.landg.com/HYPERLINK http://www.landg.com/ General Assurance Society Insurance company offering financial products including mortgage, investment, savings and home, life and health insurance. Leeds City Credit Union Financial cooperative offering savings and loans products to employees of selected employers in the Leeds area. Lloyds HYPERLINK http://www.lloydstsb.com/homepage/0,1001,general,00.htmlBank Financial institution that provides personal banking, small-business banking and corporate services. Lombard Financial institution that provides personal banking, small-business banking and corporate services. National Savings HYPERLINK http://www.nationalsavings.co.uk/HYPERLINK http://www.nationalsavings.co.uk/ Investments One of the largest savings organisation in the UK that offers savings and investment products guaranteed by the Government to personal savers and investors while contributing towards the Governments funding needs. NatWest Financial institution that provides personal banking, small-business banking and corporate services. Northern Rock Bank that offers savings accounts, deposit accounts, residential mortgages, investment mortgages and offshore savings accounts. Prudential Provider of portfolio management services, financial advice, mortgages and personal loans. Royal HYPERLINK http://www.rbos.co.uk/BankHYPERLINK http://www.rbos.co.uk/ of Scotland Bank specializes in corporate, private and offshore banking, as well as retail banking and private motor insurance. Scotiabank Group International Canadian banking group that provides retail, commercial, corporate, investment and international banking services to customers around the globe. Smile Internet bank, part of the Co-operative Bank PLC. Standard HYPERLINK http://www.standardbank.com/BankHYPERLINK http://www.standardbank.com/ London International merchant bank of the Standard Bank Group that offers specialist banking services and promotes trade, investment and business flows with an emerging market focus on a worldwide basis. Standard Chartered HYPERLINK http://www.standardchartered.com/Bank International commercial banking group providing consumer, corporate and institutional banking and treasury products and services with a focus on emerging markets in Asia, the sub-continent, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. Standard Life HYPERLINK http://www.standardlifebank.com/Bank Subsidiary of The Standard Life Assurance Company that provides mortgages, savings and online banking. Triodos HYPERLINK http://www.triodos.co.uk/Bank UK branch of the Dutch trust bank that offers savings accounts and investments products financing projects with social and environmental benefits. Virgin Direct Personal Financial Service Ltd. Bank that offers savings accounts, deposit accounts, residential mortgages, investment mortgages and offshore savings accounts. Woolwich Financial services organization that provides mortgages, loans, investments, banking and insurance products and services. LIST OF BANKS OF ALL THE BANKS IN ENGLAND OPERATING TILL 2010 Uk major banks THERE ARE 116 BANKS OPERATE IN UK ACCORDING TO FSA website There are three types of banks, High Street Banks, Building Societies, and  Direct Banks. High Street Banks are the main banks, such as Royal Bank of  Scotland, HSBC, NatWest, Citibank, and Barclays. Building Societies such as  Woolich, Abbey National, and Halifax were created for those who wanted to  save in order to buy a house and offer pretty much the same services as the  other banks. Direct Banks such as Co-op (Smile.co.uk) and First Direct  dont have branches, but you can bank at First Direct at the Post Office  and Co-op bank at their grocery outlets. They are telephone banks which  have grown in popularity over the last few years Different Types of Banks * High Street Banks and Building Societies High Street banks and building societies are commercial banking businesses  whose primary market is consumer finance. These are the most common banks  you will encounter. * Investment Banks An investment bank is a financial company, securities firm or brokerage  house that purchases new issues of securities from private corporations and  offers them to their clients. They form a syndicate in order to sell these  securities to their customers and the general public. * Private Banks Private Banks typically provide a more personal and customised set of  services than high street banks. Marketed to individuals with large incomes  or high personal wealth, opening a private bank account usually requires a  very large minimum deposit. * Online-Only Banks Online-only banks offer the same services as traditional High Street banks  or building societies through electronic banking and the Internet. They  normally do not have branches for their clients to use. Besides online-only  banks however, a number of High Street banks also offer online services. The banking system in the UK is highly concentrated with the top 10 banks having over 90% of market share.

Speaking and Listening on Charity Appeals

Starter: there are many different types of charity appeals most of which we have been exposed to time and time again. Here is a sample charity appeal that we have written and we would like you to say what you think about it Q and A questions: -What was affective about this appeal -What was not so affective -Overall what do you think is better a speech spoken orally or on a tv or radio Appeal follow up: if it is tv – then say personally I think that)In general charity appeals that are spoken orally, like the one i just read out are better because they are more inviting and encouraging to the audience; whereas other more visual ones are harsher with the audience. also people tend to take in more when a person is actually speaking to them face to face as it isn’t as manufactured as the visual appeals. It is straight to the point and even more truthful also the audience can actually feel the emotion coming from the appeal instead of just staring at a TV. General intro: There is no denying that charity appeals, oral or on the television are effective. But really, how effective are they? Do they have an effect on us? Or are we just immune to them? Well, in my personal opinion, I think that Charity appeals do have an effect on us. When we see a charity appeal on television we feel upset or distraught by the images shown and the content. They get the message across very clearly. The general message in a charity appeal is â€Å"People in the western world are very well off, then there are the extremely poor people in poor countries who do not have water or cannot even feed their children† A message like this makes the reader feel guilty and will make them pick that phone up and donate money to these countries. An image of a disastrous earthquake will make the viewer feel upset, however sometimes an image of a man with a tear streaming down his sombre face. Against Although there are many obvious pros to charity appeals there are some negatives that are closely followed by. One main reason is that they are too repetitive, and can become tedious watching the same advert all the time. So in essence people don’t tend to notice them anymore. Also many people have just resorted to changing the channel, because of the appeal being something they’ve seen one too many times or it being too long and dreary. Another thing is that there is now so many charities that nearly every appeal that you hear follows the same obvious message but with a different name at the beginning of it. Likewise some appeals are just too upsetting sure this may create an impact on the viewer but there is a line between evoking some sort of emotion and becoming totally despondent and disheartened in this already depressing world we live In. nother aspect of this is that the charity appeals can be too accessible to younger children in terms of the tv, radio or internet. This may cause the child to become seriously affected by an especially depressing appeal. to children the world is a perfect place so why should charity appeals burst the bubble they live in. Also By having so many charities claiming that they are helping the world tends to make you wonder why hasn’t anything big been achieved yet shouldn’t something like world starvation been sorted out yet?

Fatal accident Essay

==Introduction Scenario 1 There has been a fatal accident- a student has been found drowned in hydro pool. What is the procedure? When a person is drowning, the air passages close to prevent water from entering the lungs. This also prevents air from entering the lungs, and therefore depriving the victim of oxygen and eventually leading to unconsciousness and death. As in all first aid, the key rule is to protect yourself. The student who is drowning can strike out and pull down even the most competent swimmer; dirty water can hide dangers such as metal rubbish with sharp edges; and cold water can cause muscles to cramp very quickly. If possible, reach to the student from the safety using a pole, rope, aid to enable him to help himself out of the water. If in doubt about your ability to rescue the person safely, call for emergency help. 1. Keep the person still after they have been pulled out of the water. Any type of movement can possibly cause additional injuries. 2. Seek out help immediately. Dial 911 or send out someone to dispatch an ambulance to the scene of the drowning. 3. Begin mouth to mouth resuscitation if the drowning victim is not breathing on his own. Quickly sweep his mouth to remove any foreign objects and then place his head tilted upwards. Breathe every few seconds through his mouth while holding his nose shut. 4. Continue breathing for him until he is able to breathe on his own. If vomiting occurs, clear the mouth and continue the mouth to mouth resuscitation. 5. Check the victim for a pulse. Place your fingers on the drowning victim’s neck and feel for a pulse. If there is none, you will have to begin CPR. 6. Allow the emergency personnel to take over once they arrive. They will be able to perform additional medical procedures on the victim as well as provide him with oxygen What you shouldn’t do: 1. Do not rescue a victim if you cannot swim yourself. It would not be helpful to the student or safe for you if you try to rescue a victim without knowing how to swim. Get help or throw a flotation device to the student. 2. Do not rescue a student if you feel the victim is too large for you to bring to safety. It would not be helpful if you reach the student but cannot move her. 3. Do not leave an active drowning student while you go to get help. Remember, it takes less than 1 minute for someone to drown. Scenario 2 A student you do 1:1 work with is very withdrawn. She looks like she hasn’t had a bath for days, has dark bags under her eyes and bruise marks on her wrists. What should you do? This can be a very delicate matter, when you’re dealing with a child and therefore the right procedures should be taken when dealing with these matters. What a staff would have to do is: – Remain calm & reassure the child – Look for a quiet place to talk to the child alone without pressuring her. – Tell the child that you may need to another member of staff & reassure her that she hasn’t done anything wrong and she’s not in trouble so she doesn’t worry. – Do not pressure them to say something and if they do, and that you’re glad that the child told you. – Inform the social  services and possibly the police. Some professionals such as doctors, nurses, police and school teachers are legally obliged to report suspected child abuse. Any person who believes on reasonable grounds that a child needs protection can make a report to the Victorian Child Protection Service. It is the Child Protection worker’s job to assess and, where necessary, further investigate if a child or young person is at risk of significant harm. The Child Protection Service is part of the Victorian Department of Human Services. It provides child-centred, family-focused services to protect children and young people from significant harm caused by abuse or neglect within the family. Potential signs of child abuse: If you work with children and young people, you can help to keep them safe by being alert for the signs or indicators of harm and taking appropriate action early. People who work with children and young people should pay attention to: †¢ Physical signs of abuse or neglect – these could include bruises, burns, fractures (broken bones), frequent hunger, sexually transmitted infection (STI) or poor hygiene. †¢ Behavioural signs of abuse or neglect – these could include showing little or no emotion when hurt, wariness of their parents, alcohol or drug misuse, age-inappropriate sexual behaviour, stealing food, excessive friendliness to strangers or wearing long sleeves and trousers in hot weather (to hide bruises). †¢ If the child discloses they have been abused. How to respond: Each situation is different. In considering the most effective response that will ensure the child’s safety and wellbeing, you may need to gather information and facts. This could include: †¢ Make notes – record what you observe. Date and sign the entry. †¢ Continue to observe – record what you observe, and date and sign each entry. †¢ Consult colleagues –  get support and advice from your colleagues and supervisors. Compare notes and brainstorm possible strategies. †¢ Develop action plans based on procedures – familiarise yourself with your employer’s procedures and processes about what to do. †¢ Talk to other agencies about helping the family – collaborate with or engage family support services, community health services, local government services, regional Department of Human Services/Child Protection contacts and Disability Services. You may want to call a case conference for professionals to discuss their concerns. †¢ Talk to the child – do this with respect for the child’s or young person’s need for privacy and confidentiality. †¢ Talk to the parent or parents – if you believe it will not jeopardise the safety of the child or young person. External bleeding External bleeding from a limb should be controlled by applying firm pressure to the wound. Also if available, the wound with a large pad and bandage, keeping the pressure on as much as possible. Also if the blood of the person is seeping through, apply another dressing on top, but do not remove the first one. Internal bleeding An internal bleeding is caused by a rupture of an internal organ, this could be things such as the spleen or kidney, can result from a blow to the abdomen. When an internal bleeding happens you would not see any blood loss at all, although there may be signs of bruising. It is sometimes difficult to know when a person is bleeding internally, especially in the absence of an injury. In most cases, however, internal bleeding is indicated by the presence of blood in the vomit, stool, or urine, or by coughing up blood. Extensive internal bleeding can result in shock. Symptoms to watch for include feelings of anxiety and light-headedness; fainting; dilated pupils; cold, clammy skin; paleness; rapid, shallow breathing; shortness of breath. The casualty may start to feel light headed and nauseous. – Lay the casualty down and raise their legs. Cover with a blanker or coat to retain heat. – Be prepared to resuscitation. Reporting of report After the student has been taking care of and being dealt with, it is the manager’s job to write up an incident report of the student explaining how the accident happened, and if anyone was to witness this accident. This report will have to be detailed to exactly what happened so it should have the date and time and place on the report to what happened so if the drowning can’t be explained then the police can take over and read the report of what exactly happened. If the manager or whoever was taking care of the student did not write up a report then no one will know what exactly happened to the student. Any first aid incidents that are dealt with in a work setting need to be recorded in the accident book, in case there is any query at a later date. The accident book should have a record of the person’s name and the casualty, the nature of the injury, the date and time and location of the incident and a record of first aid treatment given. However without a record of the accident, it is not possible to claim compensation. Accessing support for own emotional reactions after an emergency Staff involved in rescuing or even caring for casualties can find they are emotionally traumatised after the event. Rescuers therefore might experience flash backs of the incident which could give them nightmares. There are several organisations that offer support to both victims and emergency services personnel during and after incidents. These will include the Red Cross, the Salvation Army, and the women’s royal voluntary service. However sometimes counselling is required and it is always advisable to talk over the experience, even if this is not done in a formal session. When you see a person either drowning or either a child is abused the correct procedure should be taken in to action. You would have to be aware of your surroundings and keep in mind that health and safety is important. The first action you should take is call 911 if you see someone drowning so you get immediate help. You should notify a lifeguard if there is one close however is there is not a lifeguard then you should call 911 immediately. If no one is around then you you would have to help the student who is in  need for help by getting the student out of the water as fast as possible. The first respond you would do is to check if the student is breathing or not, as this is very important so you would have to check the pulse for 10 seconds. If you cannot find the pulse then you would need to start CPR and this is important because the person’s life is at stake. For an adult or child, place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest at the nipple line. You can also push with one hand on top of the other. For an infant, place two fingers on the breastbone. For an adult or child, press down about 2 inches. Make sure not to press on ribs. For an infant, press down about 1 and 1/2 inches. Make sure not to press on end of breastbone. Do 30 chest compressions, at the rate of 100 per minute or more. Let the chest rise completely between pushes. Once all the right procedures have been done, check again to see if the person had started breathing. And if they still are not breathing then repeat the procedure again. Whilst this is happening, make sure that the student is kept warm by removing wet clothing and keeping wrapped in blankets. A child that is always on their own, and have bruises on their wrist should be carefully investigated too, because a child would find it hard to trust anyone and also be scared that she may get in trouble so you would always have to reassure the child. To find out what exactly has happened to the child you would need to make her believe that she can trust you, and always reassure her that she is not in trouble. The first sign when you find out that the child is being neglected you would need to inform the staff members, and then call the social services when it is agreed that the child has been abuse and neglected. If the matter is very serious then the police would have to get involved and act what’s best for the child safety needs.

My Curriculum For Single Parents - 780 Words

My curriculum for single parents will be delivered in person, during a workshop event. I have chosen to do an in person presentation so that I can offer single parents free childcare during the workshop. This will allow the parents to be focused on the presentation versus trying to have the parents be home and watch online, while they are still caring for their children. I want to minimize distractions for single parents so that they can get as much knowledge out of the workshop as possible. Additionally, I want to provide the parents and children a meal during the workshop. This would give the parents a break from their every routine and responsibilities as a single parent. I think that by offering the workshop in person it can bring a small community presence together in the group as well. I would like the workshop to take place weekly in the evening on a Thursday, during dinner hours from 5:30pm – 7:30pm. I would like the workshop to be held in a consistent meeting room, th at has table and chairs set-up so that dinner can served and eaten comfortably at the beginning of the workshop. Furthermore, the meeting room will need an adjacent room where childcare can be offered. I want the childcare room to be at the same site as the workshop, so parents do not have to make an extra driving trip. Moreover, I want the parents to feel comfortable that they are close to their child if they are needed. I would be looking for a building such as a church where I could use both aShow MoreRelatedFamily Life Education : Principles And Practices For Effective Outreach951 Words   |  4 PagesApplying the Appreciate Inquiry to my own life shifts my thinking to focus on the positive. It is almost easier to remember the past and find problems that have happened previously, but taking the time to find positive past experiences creates an optimistic mindset. 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